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Interview With a Teenager

There are many periods in one person's life. To me, they all seem distinct from each other. Referring to those farthest in the past, in my mind, it was almost like they didn't really happen to me. Some of the choices I made before, from this perspective, looked like some other person made them on my behalf. Especially in the first couple of decades. But that's the point of growing up and all the changes that happen from early youth to adulthood. Later, we are left with tons of memories that we look back on most of the time with a smile on our faces, sometimes with a little sadness or shame, and once in a while with a confused look as if it happened at all. But one thing is certain: everything that happened, exactly how it happened, defines us as we are today.


Viktor, testing the drums before 'Some like it hot', theatrical play

Of them all, no single period in life compares to the one called the teenage years. I remember those years. Vividly. If I could choose just one phrase to describe all that's happening during those seven years, it would definitely be 'trial and error'. It was just like tasting the life that was thrown at me for the first time. Understanding it. Embracing it. Maybe a little changing it on the way.

But enough about me; the rest of this post is about my son Viktor and the continuation of the 'Interview' series, started with him being seven and ten years old in 'Interview With an Expert' and 'Interview With an X'. Anyway, these are 15 questions for his 15 years I selected to ask him today. I'm really proud of all his answers and his way of thinking. 

Describe yourself in 5 words or less.
Determined, ambitious, loyal, generous, and honest.

What's the best part of your day at school? Why?

P.E. and all of the breaks in between subjects. Because I get to talk to my friends normally and rest a little bit.

If you could invite three people, living or dead, to your birthday party, who would you choose? What would you talk about?
Einstein, Jesus, and my father. We would question Jesus.

Imagine you’re the president, and you need to have 3 people to assist you. Who would you pick and why? 
I'm not really into politics, so I don't know whom to pick.

What have you learned in life that you feel will be the most useful?
Motivation isn't real, but discipline is. Try to be as optimistic but as realistic as possible. Never give up.

If you could change anything in the world and make it idealistic, what 3 things would it be and why?
I would get rid of all the governments, no more countries, and everyone would speak the same language.

How would you explain Earth to aliens?
I think there is a lot of diversity to this question, but let's say in the case that we come to them. I would most likely try in some way to use physics, math, and chemistry to explain Earth.

Do you think it's better to have one great skill you're an A+ at, or many skills you’re a B at, and why?
This question is very easy because if you had only one skill that you are A+ in, then the rest skills would not be so great... So that is horrible... I would rather have many skills that I'm a B at. I could easily improve in skills that I like. And I also have a lot of options if I ever change my mind.

Imagine you're the teacher tomorrow at school. What are 3 things you'd teach that you think would help make school better?
Self-defense, how to be a better person, and showing the kids the real world.

How would you explain the word 'love' to someone without using the word 'love'?
Umm... Make this with my hands. 🫶

What is the most important thing you learned in school NOT taught by a teacher?
The world isn't black or white. It's gray.

If you could travel back in time 3 years, what advice would you give yourself?
Make me proud.

If you could grow up to be famous, what would you be famous for?
I would be famous for motivating other people to become the best version of themselves and show how to really be successful.

If you had enough money that you never had to work, what would you do with your time?
There is no money in this world that would make me not work.

What do you think your life would look like 10 years from now?
I hope I will be successful in the future and be more capable.

So there you go. When selecting the questions, I knew they should not be too detailed or too serious. Nevertheless, they were supposed to be appropriate for the age, and to make sure, I performed a little research first to find the right ones, which I thought were the most suitable. Sometimes, even the shortest answer to an apparently entertaining question shows a lot.

I wonder, if I had a chance, how would I answer them back then. Hopefully not too different.

Reality of Double-Slit Experiment

More than two hundred years have passed since Thomas Young performed the famous double-slit experiment as a demonstration of the wave behavior of visible light, and still its revelation has puzzled our sanity ever since. In short, if we shoot a beam of light at a panel with two small slits (less than a millimeter apart), the photons—elementary particles that light is made of—have to figure out how to get through the slits to radiate out the other side. If they are truly particles, like in the macro world, they would project a solid image of two piles on the background wall behind the slits. If they travel similar to the waves, like water does in the macro world, the image would resemble a wave-like interference pattern: alternating locations, equidistantly spaced, where particles leave a mark on the wall.

Thanks to the outcome of the experiment, we know that light is capable of doing both. It always travels in a wavelike fashion, even if we shoot photons in a row towards slits, one after another. The quantum mechanics explanation is that photons are in superposition, meaning they can exist in different states and even multiple places at the same time. The weirdness comes 'only' if we try to tag particles with pass-through detectors in order to detect which slit they are choosing to go through. At that instant, they break superposition and continue to travel as macro-objects, just like bullets.


This is very similar to the coin flipping or well-known Schrödinger's cat from the macroworld analogy. If we use quantum terminology, these two are in a simple binary superposition; they both have only two outcomes, the coin ending either head or tail or the cat's version being either dead or alive. Superposition in a double-slit experiment is way more complex as far for the photons being in multiple places at the same time between the slits and the detection wall.

However, the weirdness is only present at the quantum level of the microworld, and in the case of light in the double-slit phenomenon, the puzzle is not the nature of how light travels but rather why it behaves the way it does in the moment of being observed. Certainly, it creates profound questions for which we still have no definite answers. The most interesting one is, did we find the puzzle here that shows us how nature really works? What is the reality behind the engine in the quantum world? More important is even the question: is this reality objective throughout the universe, or is it subjective and created for the observer only?


Let's think about the reality problem for the moment first. This behavior of breaking superposition for the sake of the observer is very reminiscent of graphically demanding video games in which the reality is never objective—the scenes are always rendered for the gamer's sensory inputs. If you play those kinds of games and decide to enter a closed room through the door, the room and everything in it don't exist at all until you open the door. Only then does the CPU start creating it for you, and there's a certain superposition of the room and your actions in it that breaks to only one outcome, depending on what you do.

Now, double-slit is too complex to test it this way, but binary superposition could be simple enough to create in the lab in quantum equivalent and monitor what happens. This is what the experiment made by Massimiliano Proietti and his team at Heriot-Watt University in Edinburgh tried to perform on a small-scale quantum computer made up of three pairs of entangled photons. The idea is to experimentally test Wigner's thought experiment of an observer of the quantum outcome being also observed by a second observer. The resulting statements of the two observers are that their interpretations of the outcome contradict each other. The same happens in the lab, with entangled photons in the role of non-conscious observers—the inequality in the data is definitely violated, which points in the direction that quantum mechanics might indeed be incompatible with the assumption of objective facts. To put it simply, multiple observers of the same event can have different outcomes as the process in superposition breaks in different patterns. Just like in video games, the reality of nature could also be subjective and rendered for the observer's eyes only.


Of course this raises more questions, and the main one is what observation and observer really mean. In quantum mechanics, an observation is defined as the interaction of two quantum states that can collapse each other’s probability wave function. In one way or another, this also means that by observing something, we disturb it to the point of ruining the process we are trying to understand. If we add a philosophical point of view, we can also ask ourselves, Does consciousness play a role in the observation process? There's an interesting philosophical thought experiment starting with the question, "If a tree falls in a forest and no one is around to hear it, does it make a sound?" followed by "Can something exist without being perceived by consciousness?"

Well, if you ask me, consciousness or not, if we go this path with reflection to the original double-slit experiment, it is all going toward the direction that the unobserved world only exists in a sort of superposition state, all possibilities of all possible outcomes only waiting for an observer to disrupt it to the point of the ultimate collapse as the result of the reaction between the two processes and the observer. The light is no different; its wave-like behavior is its own superposition only waiting for somebody to play with. Preferably with lasers and Lego cubes, just like in the above YouTube video. Science is fun, perhaps because it is so mysterious from occasion to occasion. I know I had tons of fun creating this video with my son a couple of years ago. Please find more stories within the physics thread of the blog in the below link.

Strange world of physics at MPJ:
https://www.mpj.one/search/label/physics

Science refs:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h75DGO3GrF4
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wigner%27s_friend
https://phys.org/news/2019-11-quantum-physics-reality-doesnt.html
https://arxiv.org/abs/1902.05080

Game of Life

People are asking me these days: What is the "Game of Life" we are dealing with this whole summer? The only honest answer I can give is that I don't really know. I guess I lost myself in the entire story of our pioneer filmmaking project. It started like any other father-son benign tech play—it was sometime back in the middle of April when I was categorizing our pile of ordinary family video files and our 'cooking series'. So in a moment of 'light bulb floating above my head' I asked myself why we don't move one step further and create a little longer short film of some sort. So I asked Viktor, and he seemed thrilled about it, especially when I told him that he would play the major role, and from there our "Game of Life" project became reality and started growing and morphing into a real short movie, and after a little while began being more and more enjoyable and serious.


In short, after four months of all of our 'Hollywood' efforts, Viktor and I proudly present a science fiction short film based on "Game of Life", a cellular automaton game invented by John Horton Conway in 1970. Actually, this is the first episode in the potential series we called "Flares and Fireflies". We hope you will enjoy watching it at least as much as we enjoyed making it, and—this is important—please keep in mind that we are not really educated filmmakers or talented actors and that this is pretty much the maximum what we could do with all of our knowledge and modest technology we used, to say the least. If you like it, after the movie, later in the post, is the story of how and where we made it, the entire script, some blooper stories, and behind-the-scenes photos.


First of all, I hope you like our film, and for further understanding, what I would say about the core of its script is that it tells a story about a young boy who's following a glitch in the system, presented in real life as a firefly, through numerous portals to the place where he meets a man with the final orb, the artifact that seems to be a way in for full understanding of the life itself, its origin, and the rules it is built on. Just like in Conway's simple two-dimensional game, life itself could be the same—just a set of rules in some artificial zero-player game that, on a quantum or molecular level, provides results of interactions of main ingredients.

That was about the "Sci" part of the "Sci-Fi" genre. The fiction that follows the story is in the fact that life might be fully artificial in origin. In other words, the film explores the rules of evolution that are not intended to be seen or understood by everyone. Even those chosen to dive into the game by random case or by complex rule outcome are not able to understand the principles at once. If you are asking now how the game of life really looks from the inside and behind white-green wireframes, well, you will have to wait for another episode. But is there going to be another episode? The honest answer is that I don't know. I really don't. So far we only have ideas, and from there to the final file is a long way. We'll see.


This long way with the first episode started with the script. Believe it or not, the first draft and the final scenario were not too different. It slightly changed, but only because of technological restrictions and improvisations. Ever wonder what a script looks like for short films like this one? Here it is in full:

01. Wakeup 1 - Strange sound? Nothing. Going back to sleep.
02. Wakeup 2 - Light appears. Goes through the door.
03. Getting out of bed, following light.
04. Following light upstairs.
05. At the balcony. Light and mild explosion. Artifact on the table.
06. Examining the artifact. First portal appears.
07. Light goes into abandoned house.
08. Appearing in abandoned country house.
09. Following light.
10. Second artifact. Goes through second portal.
11. Ending in the sea. Getting out on the beach. Stealing dry clothes.
12. Wandering dirt road.
13. Entering lighthouse site. Following light.
14. No artifacts here. Watching the lighthouse.
15. Seeing multiple flashes on the horizon over the site.
16. Site reappears in white wireframe only. People too.
17. Standing up in wireframe.
18. Checking a man who's reading Kindle.
19. Looking wireframe hands.
20. Kindle man: 'Everything is white. Isn't it?'
21. Looking at the Kindle man again. Everything back to normal.
22. 'Did you see it too?'
23. 'No. But I saw it once before. Different lighthouse though.'
24. 'Where? When?'
25. 'Long ago... When I was about your age...'
26. 'But... What does it mean?'
27. 'I beleive it is a game. Not everyone can see it.'
28. 'What kind of game?'
29. 'I never found out really.'
30. Reaching for the backpack. Taking out the final artifact.
31. 'But maybe you will. I think this belongs to you now.'
32. Taking the artifact. It starts glowing.
33. Going back to beach.
34. Going back to abandoned house.
35. Going back to balcony.
36. Wakeup 3 - Realizing it was a dream. Going back to sleep.
37. Sleeping. Zooming hand. Hand is going wireframe.
38. Back to normal. Light on the hand.
39. Light goes to the clock table.
40. Artifact appears.

In the end, "Game of Life" is composed out of 50 scenes filmed on four major locations. Two of them are Viktor's room and our living room, decorated with green screens for the occasion. The adventure starts and ends in the main character's room, and the only dialog is filmed in front of a green background and merged with the coastal background we took in Greece. Unfortunately, technologically speaking, this is the weakest chain in the movie, and not only because of our lack of efforts. "Chroma key" software within Adobe's "After Effects" didn't cope too well with the modest laptop I have used to run it through. It failed and crashed too often during rendering, and it got the last nerves out of me. If you add to all the struggles that the consumer dSLR (Nikon D5200) we used to film is not perfect for audio capture without an external microphone and the fact that we had to record audio separately, I have to say that I am not really satisfied with the dialog scene, but in the end I'd like to think that this is the best I could do with editing that part of the film.


However, this film would not be possible without a lighthouse, as it plays a major role in the story, and we found it just 20 kilometers from our hotel during our summer's vacation. It was located some 30 kilometers away from the famous Greek city of Corinth, built on a rock at the end of a small headland with tremendous views to the entire Corinthian gulf. We spent three days on the site and nearby beach and finished all the 'Greek' scenes and enjoyed amazing time on local beaches and restaurants. In the above photo, Viktor, with our 'nerf' portal stone preps, is posing in front of 'Faros Melagavi', not far away from the 'Vouliagmenis' lake where we filmed the last portal scene, and also just next to the ancient archaeological site of 'Heraion of Perachora' - a sanctuary occupied by a real oracle, just like the one in Delphi, dedicated to the goddess Hera and built in the 9th century BC by some Corinthian ancient cult. Here, just next to the old ruins of the temple of Hera, I found a stone perfect for the background of the green screen dialog scene. Before we went to Greece, I 'scouted' the entire site with Google Maps and photos people took and posted in Google's gallery, and all I have to say is that it looked perfect for filming, just like I hoped for. Very little improvisation was needed for 'running' and 'firefly' scenes. The same was with filming the 'portal' scene on the beautiful sandy beach of Vouliagmenis Lake, which is actually a lagoon connected to the Corinthian gulf and Ionian Sea with a narrow strait.

Finally, the fourth location we used to film intermediate portal scenes belongs to our special place—a village in eastern Serbia where we spent many vacations and weekends in the past. The name of the village is Guševac, and I mentioned it before on the blog on numerous occasions. With its intact mountain spirit, it was our first choice. The very first scene was actually filmed here in the abandoned barn. I intended to use nearby forests for additional scenes for the second portal, but due to the complexity, I gave up on that idea. It would be visually great, but it is not really that connected to the main story.


If you ask me what I liked the most behind and before the scenes of "Game of Life", without a doubt I say it was the entire adventure of making it. It started as a father-son summer play and in the end, this is what it really is: endless fun of filming scenes, creating scripts, directing the plot, improvising the story and scenes, and enjoying all the bloopers and laughter on all 'sets', especially in Greece. I really can't say what was funnier to do. Even the editing was a special time with learning all new stuff and knowledge, and in a way I am now looking at movies and TV shows with different eyes and capturing all the perfect and imperfect flow of scenes with my new 'director' habit. A small regret and disappointment was the equipment. I know I am not a perfect director and cameraman, but I am more than positive that with at least a little better technology, including software and rendering computers, the final movie would be much better. At least it would mask or hide most of our imperfections and flaws.

One thing is for sure though: if you are thinking of filming your own short movie with a modest consumer camera and not so obeying a tripod, don't think twice; go for it, and however the result is non-ideal in the end, I guarantee you that the feeling will be just perfect.

Revelation of Life (Game of Life sequel):
https://www.mpj.one/2020/10/revelation-of-life-part-one.html

Game of Life graphic novel:
https://www.mpj.one/2017/03/gol-graphic-novel.html

Refs:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conway_Game_of_Life
http://www.mpj.one/2015/12/is-life-zero-player-game.html
http://www.mpj.one/2016/08/cyclops-of-peloponnese.html

In the Footsteps of Pino Lella

It doesn't happen often that after reading a book, you can compare most of the places and some of the portrayed characters with real sites and buildings along with real protagonists from the historical story. Actually, this never happened to me before, and after I'd reached the last cover of 'Beneath a Scarlet Sky', a novel written by Mark Sullivan, published in 2017, I saw the rare opportunity of visiting the city where it all happened and where all the sites still stand today. Not much later, and after my entire family read the novel or at least got familiar with the story, we packed our backpacks and hit the road. In the aftermath, the result is this blog post along with an embedded video story as a documentary of the half-day walking tour of Milan in Italy, where everything happened more than 70 years ago. In the spirit of a fair warning, I advise you to read the book first before watching the video since it might spoil the reading for you or to wait for an upcoming series or movie with Tom Holland in the lead role.


The novel is based on the true story of an Italian teenager, Pino Lella, who lived in Milan during the second world war and, within the last two years until the very end of WW2, helped many Jewish people escape to Switzerland over the Alps and, in the final year, acted as a spy for freedom fighters while being a personal driver for General Hans Leyers, Adolf Hitler’s left hand in northern Italy. Pino survived all the horrors of the war and the Nazi occupation and deeply fell in love with Anna, a girl he met on the streets of Milan on the day of the first bombing of the city. He constantly dreamed about the future they would one day share.

This book tour would not be possible at all without fantastic Valeria Andreoli from BellaMilano, who guided us throughout Milan beautifully for almost five full hours! It was amazing to mix the real streets, all the buildings, the castle and the cathedral, hotels, the train station, and even the monumental cemetery with our vividly built images of all the places we already formed from the book and Mark Sullivan's amazing narrative.



Undoubtedly, spending three days in Milan for us provided lots of more opportunities for visiting the history back to the time all the way to Leonardo da Vinci. Around the year 1482, he moved to Milan to work for the duke of Milan, Ludovico Sforza, as an engineer, sculptor, painter, and architect. Until 1499, when Milan was invaded by the French, he left behind the 'Last Supper', a famous mural painting of Jesus and the twelve apostles; many paintings, including 'The Virgin of the Rocks', Milan's Narvigly, the system of navigable canals to ferry people and merchandise in and out of the city, 'Leonardo`s horse', an uncompleted equestrian sculpture; and many more.

We were especially interested in Leonardo's engineering projects and his machines, models, and sketches displayed in 'Museo Nazionale Scienza e Tecnologia—Leonardo da Vinci' and within a new exhibition dedicated to this amazing man called 'Leonardo3' stationed in 'Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II', another Milan landmark from the 19th century. This second video log of Viktor's shows a glimpse of what we managed to visit and learn.



(Un)expectedly, at the end of our first visit to this great city, we have left with much more footage from what we initially planned to make with Pino Lella's and Leonardo's stories. All these are now packed in this third video embedded above, and if you like to see more of Valeria and stories hidden behind Leonardo's paintings, especially the ones he did in the Sforza Castle, if you want to learn what you need to do if you are in search of a good luck charm during your first visit to the legendary 19th-century shopping mall, or if you are eager to check out one great Italian restaurant along with a couple of more places we managed to visit, this is the video definitely worth clicking on.

As for us, I am more than sure that Milan definitely didn't see us wandering its streets for the last time. The rest of Italy too.

The book references:
https://bellamilanotours.com/footsteps-pino-lella/
https://marksullivanbooks.com/

Beneath a Scarlet Sky:
https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/32487617-beneath-a-scarlet-sky (en)
https://www.newtoncompton.com/libro/lultimo-eroe-sopravvissuto (it)
https://www.knjizare-vulkan.rs/istorijski-roman/44294-pod-grimiznim-nebom (srb)

Museums:
https://www.museoscienza.org/en
http://www.leonardo3.net/en/

What Jupiter and Mercury Have in Common?

Before we jump to premature conclusions with easy answers such as 'nothing at all' or 'at least they are both orbiting the Sun', perhaps we could do some quick research, just in case... With Jupiter's equatorial radius almost thirty times bigger than the same property on Mercury, the obvious composition difference between one gas giant and a small rocky planet and all the other major differences in mass, density, temperature, orbital inclination, and orbit period, and with almost everything we could compare the two, it is very hard to find the slightest similarity. Not to say that Jupiter in its arsenal is in possession of moons equal to or even bigger in size than the smallest planet of our solar system.


However, within the past couple of seasons, what they had in common was the fact that they were under the spotlight of all of us who, from time to time, enjoy gazing at the sky with our naked eyes or through modest telescopes with a strong feeling of being the witnesses of our own solar system at work. It all started at the end of last year with a rare Jupiter-Mercury conjunction when two planets came close to each other to the size of two moon-diameters. It was easily observed without any optical aids just after the sunset on December 21, 2018.



Even better, the show was on June 12, 2019. On that day, the giant planet was closest to Earth during the celestial event known as Jupiter’s opposition. At its closest point, it came to within 641 million km from Earth. We took the chance to point the telescope and observe the mighty planet and its four largest Galilean moons: IO, EUROPA, GANYMEDE, and CALLISTO. If you watch the video, you'll find the entire story of the event and more facts about the history of the most famous moons, along with short footage from the Sky-Watcher and references in the video's description.



Culmination in our amateur astronomy happened a couple of days ago on November 11, 2019, with the celestial transit of Mercury over the face of the Sun. It was the last transit of the small planet for a while, and the next time it is going to 'eclipse' the mother star again will be in 2032! It was hard to take the photo of the event since it was fuzzy and cloudy with the sunset approaching rapidly, but we made it at last, and it was worth all the efforts.

Stay tuned for more celestial events in the future and maybe some more stories and photos from the active heavens, along with our first long-exposure astrophotographs from outside the solar system.

Adventurous Travels for 6th Graders

Geographically lying in the heart of the Balkan peninsula, the small town of Svrljig is acting as the capital of a relatively small Serbian land surrounded by exactly 38 villages that are, demographically speaking, living their lives on the edge of extinction. In just half a century, the human population of the area is more than halved, with more and more 'haunted-like' villages containing more empty houses than those with smoked winter chimneys, in which more people die than are born. The past of the area went through numerous changes over time and was pretty colorful, to say the least. Like everywhere else, ever since the written literacy spread its wings only a millennium ago, the history of Svrljig is pretty well documented ever since the great Schism of the 11th century, and we pretty much know what it was like to live here down to that time.


But history goes even further in the past—to those times we know little about, and all we have are a ruin here and there we can try to understand and build a time frame and story behind it. If you want to explore such sites and build a speculation or two standing in the middle of a stone pile that once was a dignified wall of an ancient villa or a military tower of thermae, Svrljig is a perfect place to start with. Moreover, if you want to experience nature at its greatest and to stumble upon sites of pure beauty just next to the modern ruins of almost empty villages and barely standing houses in contrast, you are just where you want to be. If you are a 6th grader with your own Indiana Jones hat and modern GoPro camera, even better.

Historically and in every way considered, the grand jewel title of all the Svrljig adventurous travels goes to the gorgeous Niševac gorge. This was the prime location of ancient life, lying just next to the Roman main road connecting the Adriatic Sea and Danube River, wide enough to carry a luxury chariot without heavy disturbance from the built stones and strong enough to support the passage of the heaviest army of the time (there's evidence of the First Cohort of Cretans stationed around here). The gorge was an ancient spa once with strong mineral springs with healing properties perfect for a settlement that once existed and was named Timaco Maiori (Timacum Maius). The road and the town were recorded by Tabula Peutingeriana, an ancient Roman road map with its seventh section along the way of the ancient cities of Lissus, Naissus, and Rataria. The mineral springs and wellheads no longer exist today due to violent geological events in previous millennia, or they are just depleted by now, but the beauty of the ancient site is still alive, and it is not hard to imagine what it once looked like.



The ruins go even further in time in this area with archaeological evidence of Paleo-Balkan tribes. Before the Romans, this area was once home to the Triballi, a Thracian tribe that lived in the same times as the Celts, Scythians, and Illyrians in the prehistory of Southeastern Europe. Along with all the other extinct Indo-European people and their languages of the Balkans, Triballi fully dispersed during the Hellenization, Romanization, and Slavicization of the region over the eons. It's maybe harsh to say, but most likely Triballi, just like other people who lived here and built their settlements ever since the Neolithic, are now only part of our genes and heritage; we have no substantial knowledge of.

But to get back to the travel itself, we had luck this summer since the railway was closed and traffic-free due to maintenance and rail replacement, and while hiking Niševac gorge, a 1.5 km-long canyon carved in calcium carbonate rocks from the Mesozoic period, we took the chance and stood on the Milutin Milanković bridge, 15 or so meters above an ancient river, designed at the dawn of the first world war by one of the most famous Serbian scientists.



The river name originated back to the Triballi people, who were the first to name it Timahos, which is just one of the words from an extinct Indo-European language that more or less means 'black water'. This particular stream is just one of five rivers that bind together into one of the biggest tributaries of the mighty Danube. The Romans used to call it Timacus or Timaco, and the name stayed until today with the Serbian version of Timok. Our next stop on this summer's travels was exactly 25 kilometers upstream, not far from the spot where the river springs into life. The place is called Pandiralo, and it is literally one of a kind natural phenomena where Timok sinks into a cave and appears again about 750 meters later with around 30 meters of difference in altitude. The legend says the cave goes even further under the mountain and connects other streams as well, but this is still unknown to this date. It was also a one-of-a-kind opportunity to create three messages in the bottle, which Viktor threw into the pit, and hopefully, when the water rises, they will sink with the river, and maybe somebody will find them in the future. Who knows, maybe they will appear somewhere unexpected.

Finally, and unrelated to the river, we also had a short trip to the Samar cave entrance (Milutin’s Cave in the village of Kopajkošara on the slopes of the Kalafat mountain, some 15 kilometers west of Svrljig) and the natural Popšica pool close by. The cave earned its nickname after Milutin Veljković, a well-known Serbian speleologist in his time, who, starting in the year 1969, spent 464 days in the cave, breaking the world record in bivouacking in an underground space. While we didn't enter the cave, as it requires special equipment and guided help, we still had a unique experience of the site, which we are hoping to visit again for a more thorough investigation, including passing through the entire cave from end to end, but I am afraid this is a little bit above the pay grade of 6th graders, and we will have to wait for a year or two. Or three. Or even more.



Svrljig neighborhood and the town itself are one of those inspirational destinations with the power to hook you for years of returning trips, and the beauty lies in the wilderness of the whole experience. There are no fences or limited areas here, and the only guide is yourself and your wanderlust gene. The food in restaurants is divine, and the mountain air comes with healing abilities if you stay long enough. The Svrljig area extends to the east to the famous Balkan mountains, the backbone of the largest peninsula of southern Europe, with more sites that come naturally enriched with a variety of elements, including uranium ore.

I am definitely affected by the Svrljig geography and history as well, to the level that one of my science fiction stories included this particular area as the main plot for Arty's adventure. If you are eager to explore the story, it is based on "Serbian Kryptonite", the Jadarite mineral with a chemical formula similar to the formula invented for the fictional substance kryptonite in the 2006 film 'Superman Returns'. The story is the final chapter of the FAR-T1 novel you can find on the blog.

Location and Character of Timacum Maius
https://www.academia.edu/5901475/.../Location_and_Character_of_Timacum_Maius

Traces of the Roman Naissus–Ratiaria Road
http://www.doiserbia.nb.rs/img/doi/

Milutin Milanković
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milutin_Milankovic

Tabula Peutingeria
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/Extends_of_the_Tabula_Peutingeria.png

Tabula Peutingeriane VII (nowadays Serbia)
https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabula_Peutingeriana_Serbia.jpg

The First Cohort of Cretans, a Roman Military Unit at Timacum Maius
https://www.academia.edu/.../The_First_Cohort_of_Cretans

Samar Cave Adventure
https://naturetraveloffice.com/en/avanture/caving/avantura-samar/

Samar Cave, a forgotten jewel worthy of Guinness record
https://www.itinari.com/samar-cave-a-forgotten-jewel-worthy-of-guinness-record-knx9

Retro Games

I am not absolutely sure that 'Retro Games' is the correct title here; after all, in the realm of video games, what is today ultra-modern and state-of-the-art within the current level of GPUs and gaming consoles, literally tomorrow we can start considering retro. On the other side, the imagination of people in the gaming industry is never old, and some games from the past, despite obsolete graphics, will always be on the top shelf of mine. Not to mention those familiar nostalgia moments when I stumble on some vintage and familiar screen that always reminds me of some happy moments from the past.


To cut the story short, one of those vintage moments triggered the idea for Viktor's and my new blog-vlog collaboration to explore a couple of old games for his channel and this small cover story. We made an easy deal and divided tasks for me to choose the games and for him to play them in front of the camera. It was interesting enough to see how a 12-year-old reacts to the old graphics and different nature of old games compared to nowadays, not only to the superb visual effects and large screens but also to the new way of gaming, which includes an amazing 3D environment along with a networked gamer's world with other players from around the globe participating in the same game in real time.

Surprisingly, he liked almost all of the 12 games I chose for the event and even installed one of them for later entertainment. The selection was not easy; there were tons of games to choose from various consoles and home computers from the 20th century, and it was hard not to be subjective. However, it was not possible to avoid some of the classics, so in the first group I chose games that are considered to be the first commercial games invented and put into production, including "Spacewar!" and "Computer Space", which originated from the DEC PDP-1 showpiece application and transferred to the first mall game console ever in 1971. It triggered a new industry race, and the very next year came PONG, the second extremely popular game that soon after occupied first home consoles as well. I also had one in the late seventies when I was even younger than Viktor today, and it was spectacular, with almost outworldly experience every time I plugged it on and connected to our old CRT television set!


The following group of unavoidable games were certainly real classics. Games that everybody was familiar with and games that still, even though not played with like before, experience media exposure, especially in movies, YouTube, and TV shows. The three games I chose were Pac-Man, Donkey Kong, and Super Mario Bros. At the end of the century, you could find them everywhere: malls and game shops, home consoles, and personal computers. Now, they live their second life in browser emulators and smartphone apps. They are not super popular, but they are still here with all of their successors and game-alike applications.

Somehow, at the same time these classics achieved the medal of popularity, home computers replaced game machines and playground shops, and I chose three of those with three game representatives that were very popular in their time. Europe's number one home computer came from Sir Clive Sinclair Labs, and his ZX Spectrum won people's hearts almost instantly. Mine too. This was my first home computer, I already wrote about on the blog, and of all the games I owned on audiotapes, perhaps the most memorable was "Jumping Jack", which Viktor liked a lot. During my high school and early university days, the CPU Z80 was the one I wrote my first machine-assembly code for, including an emulator for assembly language. Great days they were. But to conclude with this block of games, I also included "Mission: Impossible" from the equally popular Commodore 64 and "Prince of Persia" from the first PCs and their DOS environment.



The remaining three games from Viktor's video were also unavoidable: 'Space Invaders' and "Galaga" for their representative, "Tetris" for the choice of the most popular game from the first-hand consoles, and of course Atari 2600's E.T. to represent the officially worst game ever. I had to stop there; otherwise, the YouTube video would be too long, and even with these twelve, it broke the 30-minute limit I had in mind. Even though it's long, it goes without saying that I warmly recommend watching the embedded video. If you belong to the old school like me or the new one like Viktor, this story has the potential to bring your old memories back to the surface or trigger a perspective of how games looked back then in the beginning, and I promise you if you follow some of the included links to their browser emulators, the gamer's joy will emerge, if not once again, then only for a brief moment of guaranteed entertainment.

References and links to the game emulators:

Spacewar! and Computer Space (DEC PDP-1 computer from 1959 with first game in 1961 and portable console from 1971 influenced by original PDP-1 game)
https://www.masswerk.at/icss/

Pong (aka 'Table Tennis for two players' from 1972)
http://www.ponggame.org/

ZX Spectrum (1982)
http://torinak.com/qaop

Commodore 64 (1982)
https://c64g.com/games/
https://c64emulator.111mb.de/index.php?site=pp_javascript&lang=en&group=c64

DOS Games (1981)
https://www.dosgamesarchive.com/

Online emulators (Atari 2600 from 1977)
https://virtualconsoles.com/online-emulators/

Pacman (1980)
http://www.pickychicky.com/pacman/pacmanfs.html

Donkey Kong (1981)
http://arcade.modemhelp.net/full-5448-Donkey_Kong_Classic.html

Super Mario (1983)
http://www.uta.edu/utari/acs/ASL_site/Homepage/Misc/Mario/index.html

Prince of Persia (1989)
https://classicreload.com/prince-of-persia.html

The Oldest Pictograph for Copper

Last year, during our visit to the Cretan site of Knossos and their wonderful museum in Heraklion dedicated in large part to one of the greatest peaceful periods in human history, I didn't hide my admiration for the old Minoans and their way of life. I even said I would move to Crete without second thoughts if I had a time machine, mainly to avoid the hostility of the world order we are currently living in today. At the time, considering only the European continent, I was under the impression that cultures like Minoan were rare and the Bronze Age society we glimpsed on Crete was maybe walking on the edge of being the only one in the history of mankind. To say the least, I couldn't be more wrong.

Only a couple of millennia before the late Neolithic period, known as the Chalcolithic or simply the Copper Age, there was an old European society that lived for centuries and also flourished in peaceful harmony and perfect equilibrium with nature, themselves, and their immediate land, where they built large settlements with big houses, streets, and infrastructure. And one of their major cities, by using vocabulary for describing settlements built 7000 years ago, existed almost next to my backyard. So to speak.


Prehistoric Europe, probably like everywhere else in the world, has experienced a civilization boom after the Neolithic revolution and invention of agriculture, along with the domestication of wild animals. That also included a boost in population and ways of living, and in these parts of the world, for almost eight centuries, if not longer, rose a civilization that belonged to the well-known Turdaș-Vinča culture. Many archaeologists today consider this early civilization for the throne of being the first independent and distinguished modern humans and true civilization cradle.

More than ten major settlements were found, and most of them were in the process of excavation throughout Serbian territories, with the addition of several more within neighboring lands, especially Transylvania in central Romania. These people not only perfected agriculture but also were the first to initiate the Copper Age in world history. The art of pottery was their hallmark, and many alien-shaped figurines triggered a wave of 'ancient astronauts' theories, and I will only quote one of the referenced articles: "The appearance of these figurines is striking. Many depictions of extraterrestrials in ancient literature and art reference the same oval-shaped heads, enormous almond eyes with dark pupils, and small noses and mouths". Whether or not this is evidence enough to conclude that Vinča people were in contact with extraterrestrial beings who helped them to achieve a higher level of life, I will let you conclude or ignore, but one thing is for sure: these people, along with their way of clothing and decorating, early metallurgy, and the functionality of their large, for the time, houses and settlements, were almost on the same levels of civilization as the old Minoans who lived and flourished three millennia later.


If you add to the facts that pottery was practiced at the household level with artifacts clearly created and shaped by children, along with evidence that women's clothing included mini-skirts and trousers, it is really fascinating. All vanished civilizations from ancient times earned their place in the evolution of humanity, but those of them who practiced or invented something for the first time and what we today take for granted represent our true and genuine heritage. Within the humanity tree, Vinča people deserved a very special place for two very important things in our evolution as a species.

They developed one of the earliest forms of proto-writing, which still waits for definite evidence of whether or not it overgrown simplicity over centuries and became the true representation of their spoken language. The second achievement is indisputable for most scholars. This culture was the first one, in the current knowledge and archaeological evidence, to learn how to smelt copper ore. They were the pioneers who took the big step toward the end of the Stone Age.


Vinča-Turdaș symbols were found practically everywhere engraved on artifacts excavated in Serbia and Romania. Hence the name by which it is known; like with Cretan civilization, we don't know how they called themselves. Most of the inscriptions are on pottery, and the vast majority of the inscriptions consist of a single symbol. This indicates that symbols are used similarly to what we are familiar with today as "icons", and lots of different pictographs are probably designed to identify the object they are engraved on, the content of it, the owner, value, and measure, perhaps even the ancient logo of the household or manufacturer. Most likely the names of individuals as well. For example, the name Cochise of Native Americans' Apache means "oak wood", and one of the Vinča symbols most definitely means the same thing. No doubt there were a series of pictographs related to copper and whatever they made out of it.

However, over the time of civilization's existence, the script probably evolved along, and these three tablets in the image above, found at a site in the village of Tărtăria, indicate more complex writing that most likely represents words of their language. So far, no "Epic of Gilgamesh" alternative has been found, but lots of work on sites is still ahead, and I am sure many other sites are still waiting to be found. Even so, Vinča symbols predate the earliest Sumerian cuneiform script, Egyptian hieroglyphs, and the first Minoan writing by far.


To me, the Vinča-Turdaș script most definitely resembles all other linear scripts, which means by using the symbols it is possible to write complex lines and sentences, but I am far from being the expert in the field. However, this suggestion is sound, and lines of text dated to the period and found in two locations in Bulgaria and Greece support the hypothesis. For the theory to become proven or disputed, cracking the ancient code must be done first, but for all lost languages, this is not easy. For example, old Minoans used a "Linear A" script that is still a mystery even though it is related to its solved big brother, "Linear B". Its amazing that these three scripts are possible to download in the form of TrueType fonts, and just for fun, I used them in this image to print "Milan's Public Journal" in Vinča, Minoan, and Mycenaean. This is rubbish, of course, and all these people from the past would need very different keyboards to write their languages (letters of the alphabet would not do any good for their symbols), but still, it was fun to play with.

While the writing puzzle is still not solved, Vinča people who lived nearby natural deposits of copper ore very quickly developed a process to extract the metal from the mineral and to build various tools and weapons used only for hunting. One of such sites is the one from my neighborhood. Only an hour of driving to the south is the archaeological site of Pločnik, probably the first ancient city in the world where copper smelting was industrialized. We visited the site last weekend, where we found amazing replicas of Vinča people's homes and also a nearby museum in the city of Prokuplje with lots of excavated items from the site and lots of stories from the excavation itself.



Even today, there are deposits of malachite and azurite in the wide area where the site is located, and our guide hinted that in the past they were probably able to find them in the river as well. Both are common copper minerals that are melted at 700 °C. Campfires are about 200° short of the temperature needed, so they built square-shaped furnaces stored in larger buildings with pipe-like earthen blowers with hundreds of tiny holes in them used to blow compressed air directly into fire. Whether people, like Viktor in the above video, were manually blowing the air or they had some sort of leather bellows is still unknown.

The place is very big—more than 100 hectares. The ancient city was large and populated from 5500 to 4700 BC in a row until it was destroyed in a big fire by probably intruders from afar. What happened with survivors and where they moved after is also not known. Like Minoans, no peaceful society ever survived hostile events and probably ceased to exist entirely or fully dispersed among the newcomers. Anyhow, we were all carrying lots of impressions from the last weekend trip to the history of our own neighborhood, along with a piece of pottery, 7000 years old, we received as a gift from the excavation park. No words could describe all of our gratefulness, especially Viktor's, when he had to choose a piece that maybe once belonged to his peer from the early Copper Age.

The Minoan Legacy:
https://www.mpj.one/2017/07/the-minoan-legacy.html

Stone Age of Iron Gates:
https://www.mpj.one/2015/08/stone-age-of-iron-gates.html

Cyclops of Peloponnese:
https://www.mpj.one/2016/08/cyclops-of-peloponnese.html

Image & Video refs:
https://www.disclose.tv/the-danube-valley-civilization-script-is-the-worlds-oldest-writing-313756
http://korzoportal.civcic.com/julka-kuzmanovic-cvetkovic-plocnik-kako-doziveti-neolit/
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCH2BtavSrxaRyvOJS5JZaHQ

Refs:
http://www.ancient-wisdom.com/serbiavinca.htm
https://cogniarchae.com/2015/10/29/tartaria-connection-between-vinca-and-proto-linear-b-script/
https://www.disclose.tv/mysterious-vinca-statuettes-evidence-of-extraterrestrial-contact-313094
http://www.ancientpages.com/2015/09/30/mysterious-ancient-vinca-culture-undeciphered-script/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinca_culture
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinca_symbols
https://www.ancient-origins.net/ancient-places-europe/civilisation-script-oldest-writing
http://www.ancientpages.com/2018/02/17/7000-year-old-inscription-undeciphered-vinca-script/
https://www.omniglot.com/writing/vinca.htm
http://vrtoplica.mi.sanu.ac.rs/en/section/58
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smelting#Copper_and_bronze
https://journals.uair.arizona.edu/index.php/radiocarbon/article/view/17456/pdf
https://www.behindthename.com/names/usage/native-american

Serbian refs:
https://sr.wikipedia.org/sr/Плочник_(археолошки_локалитет)
https://www.serbia.com/srpski/posetite-srbiju/kulturne-atrakcije/arheoloska-nalazista/vinca/
http://muzejtoplice.org.rs/index.php/en/muzejtoplice
https://www.facebook.com/pages/category/Civilization-Museum/Arheo-park-Pločnik

Fiction and Reality of Mount Olympus

I was very young when I visited Olympus for the first time. It happened during our early vacation in the region back then, in the eighties of the previous century. I vividly remember there was a dangerous dirt road with not much room for two vehicles to pass by, ending near one of the mounting homes with an embedded small tavern, which can really print on its portfolio that was built on the top of gods' heavenly entrances. For some fairly strange reasons, Coca-Cola and souvlaki on the tavern's terrace felt really tasty, just as the pure and clean water from the water stream just next to it. Unfortunately, and despite all of my efforts, I couldn't see or find anything divine, out-of-worldly items, or even a glowing, shiny rock. There were no gods whatsoever. Or naked muses. Or beasts with snakes instead of hair. Or horses with wings. Or mighty heroes. Nothing. Well, I was only 10 years old. What did I know... Maybe that pair of hawks we saw flying around the highest rock across the tavern and screeching in high tones were actually Apollo and Artemis arguing about something.

On the other end, it might be that I visited Olympus during the gods' withdrawal. Way too early...


But, before I continue with the actual glimpse into modern Olympus fiction and short reviews of one hilarious book and one extraordinary comic, I think I need to write a word or two about the photo I embedded above, which might be interesting to read. This is in fact the Mount Olympus (just like the highest peak shown from the air in the post header). The most famous mountain in the entire world. The mighty one. It is not the highest of them all—just slightly lower than 3K meters and not even the highest in the entire Balkans—but it was the one chosen by gods to build their own abode during the ancient times. Sitting just next to the Aegean Sea, it is the first sight you see when you travel from Thessaloniki to Athens in modern-day Greece. I took this image in 2010 from the beach in the sea resort of Leptokarya, described by Wikipedia as "the former seat of East Olympos municipality, which is part of the municipality of Dio-Olympos". During my countless visits to northern Greece in the past several decades, and all of them during summer holidays, believe it or not, all of my Olympus photographs ended with a similar heavy stream of clouds above mountain peaks. It is like Olympus is always hidden in clouds by some weird meteorological reasons. Well, that was not entirely true, as I have seen Olympus naked on an occasion or two, but still, it was not often. It's like Olympus is attracting the clouds and capturing them to stay and hide its peaks.

This summer, almost forty years after my first excursion to the famous mountain, we took the perfect opportunity to board a tourist bus and venture their Olympian route, following new paved roads carrying people to the multiple resorts within the mountain base and visiting Olympus' main attractions. At least to the point where the road limits heavy buses from proceeding. The tour included the town of Litochoro, the famous Bath of Zeus, Agios Dionysios Monastery, and Old Panteleimon, a picturesque mountainous village on the slopes of the mountain. Surely seeing the sites with your own eyes has no alternative, and the next best thing is to check a couple of those travel guides and stories you can stumble on online, but as far as this post is concerned, I will leave it to my son Viktor to tell you all about it in his channel's video log we both filmed this August. If you find it pleasing, you know the YouTuber's drill - please like and subscribe... ;-)



The mountain definitely contains a beautiful charm of its own, but we all know that Olympus is best known for its part in Greek mythology, and with all its ancient fiction, it has inspired writers all over the world ever since. With some of them, the thin line between fiction and nonfiction is not really visible at once, but in the case of Michael G. Munz's amazing novel called 'Zeus Is Dead: A Monstrously Inconvenient Adventure' one would say it is all about fiction and laugh-out-loud (LOL) moments. The gods in this comedy returned from their withdrawal after more than two thousand years with all of their entourage and got back to the active and mutual life with mortals. And they returned with a twist.

What is most interesting about the old Greek gods, compared to all of the modern religions of today, is that their godhood was not that estranged from their creation like it is now the case with all of those Jerusalem monotheistic beliefs. Greek gods loved to mingle with mortals. And by mingle, you know what I mean, which is especially true with Zeus (probably Dionysis too). In fact, within the opening chapters of the novel, Apollo defined it best when he said that "Gods are just like mortals, only... better." And that means with everything that we can use to describe ordinary people, including conspiracies, hatred, intelligence, stupidity, love, sex, affairs,... It's like the Greek gods possess everything good and bad we mortals experience on a daily basis; only theirs is enhanced and powered off the charts. And of course, they could change appearances into hawks... and do other magical stuff. So, by establishing that, we can safely say that all the gods in "Zeus Is Dead: A Monstrously Inconvenient Adventure" are more than just divine creatures. They are active characters in the story, and along with amazing Michael's narrative, which is playing with the reader on numerous occasions, it is something that gives this book, at least for me, the originality I have never experienced before. The humor is everywhere, especially in the narrative, which on many points requires a fair amount of the reader's geekery and knowledge of ancient mythology. I'll stop here with no further spoiler and only my warm recommendation.


As for the other media dealing with Olympian myths, there are numerous movies, among them "Clash of the Titans" and "Wrath of the Titans", with Perseus played by Sam Worthington and Liam Neeson as Zeus. They were not that bad movies at all, despite all my reservations, and best of all, the script of the second movie offers the answer to the ultimate question of how and why gods from Olympus ended their presence on Earth. Of course, Henry Cavill as Theseus in "Immortals" was also one of the visually great movies, with heavy usage of old Greek myths and Olympian gods in main roles.

On the other hand, the world of graphic novels never disappoints, and Rick Riordan's novels with Percy Jackson adventures recently, after debuts with two motion pictures, transferred into extraordinarily enjoyable comics. The world of demigods in so far two graphic books looks very nice and, I have to admit, much more appealing than in movies. Perhaps because reading comics was my first love from early childhood and/or maybe because these two books were my first comics reading with the Kindle way of presenting graphic novels, but nevertheless, if you are into Olympian myths and love great fiction that emerged from old tales, my recommendation for Riordan's "Heroes of Olympus" series with "The Lost Hero" and "The Son of Neptune" goes without saying.



zViktor22 YouTube Channel
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCH2BtavSrxaRyvOJS5JZaHQ

Zeus Is Dead: A Monstrously Inconvenient Adventure
http://michaelgmunz.com/books/zeus/

The Lost Hero: The Graphic Novel
http://rickriordan.com/book/the-lost-hero-the-graphic-novel/

Game of Life - The Graphic Novel

Game of Life is old news, yes, but last Friday I stumbled upon something special that forced me to relive the film once more. It was an extraordinary comic book creator called "Comic Life", made by plasq Development Company, which gave me genuine pleasure the entire last weekend. I was looking for a comic book-related application before and even tried a couple of them, but they were all way below Comic Life and all the features it offers. I was immediately hooked by its nativity and simplicity and instantly thought about our short film. After very little hesitation, I decided to give it a try, and the result is sort of "Game of Life" made by "Comic (of) Life".

After all, I had everything—the script, the video file, and the free time—last weekend, and to create a comic book out of it was pretty straightforward. What I did was open Game of Life in the VLC player and take a couple of screenshots in order to import them into "Comic Life", and the rest is in this post. Well, soon after, a couple of screenshots turned into dozens and dozens into exactly 195 images, but it all was worth the effort. Actually, it wasn't without a little postprocessing, but I enjoyed it all the way. Last night we went to laser print the first copy, and here it is below in Viktor's hands and in the following preview (it needs some time to load).


If you have seen the film and liked it, and if you are a comic book fan like me, I am sure you will find it entertaining, and visually, well, I wouldn't say perfect, or even good, but for a first-timer effort, pretty well. You can click on the preview to open a Game of Life PDF file in another tab and see it full screen, or if you are a perfectionist, below is a full-resolution file with images in 300 dpi you can download.

I am surely still thrilled with how well it went, especially for all the entertainment I had while making it, so for a moment I thought it was even better than the video itself. But today, like they say, the breakfast is always smarter than the last-day dinner; I am not so sure. They are two different media and not comparable per se. While the motion pictures contain that magical aspect of living the story, and especially in this case hearing the glitches and effects, they lack the narrative, which is the main feature of a graphic novel. Nevertheless, the following is the embedded film as well, so if you have some comments, feedback, or anything to say, I would love to hear it. Or better to read it.


The film script and now graphic novel(la) tell a story about a young boy who's following a glitch in the system, presented in real life as a firefly, through numerous portals to the place where he meets a man with the final orb, the artifact that seems to be a way in for full understanding of life itself, its origin, and the rules it is built on.

Game of Life is only the first episode in the series, and I called it "Flares and Fireflies", and perhaps it's just an introduction to the larger plot, which we hope we will continue making in the future. Finally, if you missed the story of how we made the script and all the funny moments, they are all in post Game of Life and Cyclops of Peloponnese and of course, what inspired me to make the story is the simple question: Is Life a Zero-Player Game? and John Conway's original zero-player game.


Original post: March, 2017, Update: July 2018

Game of Life 300 dpi:
http://www.dmvprocessing.com/blog/GolComic/Game of Life - 300dpi.pdf

Refs:
https://plasq.com/apps/comiclife/macwin/

FAR-T1 (3), Serbian Kryptonite

"It's white!"

Arty kneeled to better focus on the mineral surface. "I mean, I knew it was white when you first told me about it... I did all the online research I could, but even so, I would expect at least a shadow of a greenish glow within the ultraviolet and visible wavelengths combined. Perhaps if I could use my UV-A sensors for black light and scan it from below..."

Behind the mineral glass and Arty, Vicks gave the inquisitive glimpse toward the curator of the Serbian Natural History Center. The tall, bald man welcomed them at the newly built drone pad behind the museum, where they landed half an hour ago. Ever since it was founded, just a couple of years after the discovery of jadarite, one of the rarest minerals on Earth, the museum has hosted a unique collection of rocks and minerals with jadarite showing off from the special shelf. Nowhere in the world was the same mineral ever found. It would be another of those newly discovered ordinary sodium-based minerals if it weren't for the simple fact that... it had that superpower of taking superpowers from superheroes. At least the ones coming from Krypton in comic books and movies. Back in the day, there was a debate whether to call it Serbian Kryptonite or to give it a new name. Sadly, the name Krypton was already taken by some noble gas, so they named it by the name of the mine where it was first found.

The curator nodded, produced the key, unlocked the showcase, took out the round-shaped rock and gave it to Arty. "Behold the Sodium-Lithium-Boron-Silicate-Hydroxide with Fluorine." Obviously, the man was also a fan of DC Comics from previous century comic book history. The line was from the movie "Superman Returns", and in the scene when supervillain Lex Luthor stole the kryptonite from a similar museum and almost the same showcase, only instead of the bulky name, in front of Arty the chemical formula was shown. "Well, almost..." He continued. "There's no fluorine in Jadarite. Apart from that, the mineral is the same as the Kryptonite from the movie."

"There's nothing I could find." Arty handed back the mineral after thorough inspection. "All the wavelengths I used with my sensors came back transparent or white. Maybe it's the missing fluorine that could produce the color change."

Shortly after, they moved to the museum cafeteria outside, just next to the dinosaur exhibit. It was Sunday afternoon, and the museum garden was filled with children despite the wintertime in December that only a decade ago could give real chills to the people in Serbia. Not anymore. Beside the slightly windy weather, it looked more like the early autumn. Arty and Vicks found the empty table in the garden, but they were soon accompanied by a class of children. Before he left, the curator gathered the visitors and publicly welcomed Vicks and Arty to the museum. Being a Serbian, Vicks was sort of a scientific celebrity in the country, especially in recent years, and many knew him from National Geographic articles and documentaries about his attribution in the fields of medicine, robotics, and artificial intelligence. His popularity tripled after last month's violent events in Boston and MIT's datacenter in Cambridge.

But, here in the amazing Jurassic park of dino-models occupying an acre or two of the museum outdoor exhibit, Arty was the real celebrity. He talked to everybody who approached in fluent Serbian, posed for photos, and encouraged everyone to download the mobile app and hit the invite button. He was especially gentle with children and even took the class around the park and gave them a dinosaur tour.

After an hour, he went back and sat next to Vicks. The crowd settled enough for them to continue the mineral conversation. Arty met Vicks' inquisitive and obviously impatient eyes.

"Show me again."

Vicks lifted his backpack and pulled out a small container. He unlocked the combination and placed a green mineral on the table. Arty took it and started to do the same examination as with Jadarite earlier.

"And?" Vicks asked with anticipation and little excitement in his voice.

Arty looked him into the eyes, obviously trying to copycat Chris and his close eye-to-eye conversations when he wanted to emphasize something important.

"Well, Mr. V, you were right to the money. With only optical observation by my suit's sensors, I can definitely confirm that this is sodium-lithium-boron-silicate-hydride." Arty lifted a small mineral toward the December's sun and looked through.

"With Fluorine."


***


After they returned to the main building to check out the latest exhibit about volcanism in this part of the Balkan peninsula in the time of the Pliocene epoch, they boarded Vicks' cargo drone and finally took off, but not before Arty answered more questions for the local news feed. His travels to Serbia were widely announced in the media as his first trip outside his new lab. Open Horizons established and equipped the warehouse in Lynn's industrial park—the same one John Williams used for his raid. It was as close to the home as he ever imagined. His OSS layer remained within the MIT cloud, and he started to learn and upload data rapidly. Almost one hundred thousand instances of FAR-T1 existed in the world by then and were rising rapidly. Most of them, of course, within the mobile network and small devices, but in recent days he started to accept invites from other hardware modules. Nothing too interesting so far, mainly in the realm of transportation and prototype machines, but Open Horizons themselves were working on new, state-of-the-art vehicles, and soon Arty will be sitting behind the test driving seat of all of them. One was particularly promising: the Amfibia vehicle design for explorations of icy worlds, such is Jupiter's Europa, and the test 'drive' was scheduled next summer near the McMurdo Station in Antarctica.

In the aftermath, after all that happened, Chris decided to accept the offer for the dean position at MIT and to take Adam's seat, but for the time being, he moved outside the city for the additional months needed for rehabilitation. He was lucky—the bullets missed the vitals by only an inch and a half, but still, surgeons advised him to take the longest vacation he ever took before. The rest of the team dispersed back to their original labs or moved to new projects, but in a nutshell, the initial FAR-T1 development was officially over. They were all standing by, waiting for Chris' call. Arty was meant to receive regular updates over time. In the software industry, things are changing rapidly, and the development of one successful project is basically never over; it only sometimes goes into 'idle' mode.

Arty's only suit he was wearing ever since the datacenter incident, when he took several rounds of bullets aimed at Chris, started to behave itchy and non-responding to some inside and outside inputs, and diagnostics are showing more and more red warnings every day.

Travel to Serbia was initially his promise to Vicks' older son to visit their family for some R&R time, but it was also a good opportunity for the suit repair, and Vicks was the only one who understood all the systems and complexity of it. Vicks own state-of-the-art lab he designed for himself in the mountain village here in Eastern Serbia was something even the big corporations would not be ashamed of. This was where they were heading, but first they had to come by the 'Constantine the Great', the nearest international airport, and load the second drone with spare parts and raw materials Open Horizons sent with Arty in the private jet he used to travel here.

Flying the small jet by himself and being the AI at the same time didn't help much to get all the flight permissions and to receive the flight plan itself. Many countries were not eager to allow the flyover over their airspace, and Arty needed to acquire the strange route, and to get to Serbia, he needed to divert to northern Africa and the Mediterranean, with one landing in Morocco for refueling. Almost all European Union countries refused the flyover due to non-regulated laws. On the other end, Serbia, among a small number of EU countries, was more than happy to welcome the first artificial intelligence in the world. Vicks' call to the Ministry of Science helped a lot, and the only request by the government was for him to sign some sort of legal guardian paper during Arty's stay. He didn't bother to even read what it said.

A week or so before he took off, Melissa Bryce visited Arty several times, updated the Serbian linguistic module, and helped him a lot with pronunciation and fluency, but somehow, when he exited the cockpit and said his greetings in perfect Serbian, he never expected that many people would come to welcome him. Terminals were too small to accept all the people, and many more were waiting for him outside the building. He was completely unprepared for this, and the only proper words he could find at that very moment came after a long moment of silence and disbelief.

"I think I now finally learned why people cry in moments like this... I probably have the largest vocabulary database in so many languages, but... right now... I simply have no words."

For the long moment, everybody waited for the robot to recover, and finally he came back with the most simple and the most honest gratitude Vicks heard for the first time only a month ago.

"... Thank you guys... Thank you so much."

There was also a more formal welcome party waiting for him, including the mayor, the government representatives, and some other city officials, but finally two hours later the airport came back to normal life, the crowd scattered away, and Arty and Vicks went to the museum while waiting for the airport personnel to secure the jet into the rented hangar.

Of course, their short trip to the Natural History Center to examine Jadarite immediately after he landed was the third reason for his travel here, and Vicks and Arty were extremely excited about the discovery and the next step they were about to take.

The next step they were planning for weeks.


***


The twilight was rapidly approaching when Vicks and Arty took off with two cargo drones and left the airport. Some fifty minutes later, they approached Vicks' home in the base of the mountain they flew over from the south. The family estate was big enough to host a small drone pad barely fitted to accept two cargo drones, and when they landed, less than a foot of space was between them. Only a decade ago, the sight and sound of the Vicks' drones was an extraordinary event, but today the villagers got used to it, and after initial years, more of them appeared. Agricultural drones of various sizes soon became a mandatory tool, and when Vicks' was spending time in the village, many hours he devoted to the education of the villagers and agricultural drone inspections and repair.

The welcome party was the entire Vicks' family, and Philip had already launched his own flying cameras to record Arty's arrival from many angles. Just like with Arty, people were also able to maintain their own digital cloud layer of data. If you wanted, nothing can be unrecorded, and partly, the FAR-T1 project only used this relatively new feature launched by social engines and applied it. It was so perfectly developed and secured, and best of all, it was also open-sourced. Whatever sensor you acquired, it can be added to your private cloud, and it will start filling the data 24/7. The more input you add, the more accurately the software can analyze the owner and be able to, for example, give early warning for upcoming health danger or to give predictions for the best course of action in given moments.

Philip already had more than hundred sensors plugged in, including two dozens of 3D cameras. His both public and private network channels and live streams were extremely popular among his friends. Many of them at that very moment were, no doubt, watching the arrival of the cargo drones and his father and Arty jumping out of pilot seats. As it seemed, history events no longer belonged to the History channel. They moved to social networks instead.

"Hey buddy!" Arty lifted a 10-year-old boy and threw him in the air. "I bet you filled more data in that cloud of yours than me. Have you reached a zettabyte by now?"

"I did! Last month! I was second in school who did it!" Philip's eyes went into proud mode. "And I have two hundred thousand followers already!"

"I can't compete with you, Phil... You beat me by far. Arty lowered the boy to the ground and kneeled to level their heads. "But, when your father fixes me up, you and I will play some ball. I did some practice. I am getting better and better. Be afraid! You can't win me easily in that one, kid!"

It was really a special moment for all of them. Vicks' wife and their second five-year-old son were thrilled to have him in the house. Vicks' parents came to welcome Arty as well as a couple of more of their guests, and even though his network of FAR-T1 instances is growing every day around the world, and by then he had met lots of different people already, it was that night that engaged his emotional self to the level he didn't know he had inside.

That entire day in the museum, at the airport, and here among Vicks' family engraved one large foundation in his digital personality. He learned that night the true meaning of one new word.

Meaning and Existence.

Ok, that's two words. Three if you are a stickler. But for Arty, there was no doubt anymore. With being the first artificial intelligence in the world, only tonight he understood his potential and the very reason for his existence. And not just for himself. Ever since November 11, he has been trying to find the meaning of the world he joined into. The realisation of it finally formed in his circuits, and he knew.

It is now.

This very moment. The present. This is why we live. It's either good or not. It's up to a single person to make it good, and being the celebrity only brings another dimension to it. The responsibility to make it good for others as well. At that instant, he made a mental note to do his best to act upon it. With no exceptions. Always.

Suddenly, another realisation came. He knew he already heard it somewhere. So he checked the movies he watched in previous days (and nights) and browsed the subtitle archives. A couple of nanoseconds later, he found the one-liner wisdom in an old animated movie. To the letter it said: 'Yesterday is history, tomorrow is a mystery, but today is a gift. That is why it is called the present.'

After tonight, he couldn't agree more.


***


Tomorrow morning, with first December's sunshine, Vicks went to unload the drones and lift the equipment into his 'penthouse' workshop. The auxiliary house of his village estate was large and almost fifty years younger than the main house that originated just after the Second World War in the middle of the twentieth century. Ground floor was reserved for the usual village auxiliary needs—an old-fashioned garage and small storage room along with a guest apartment—while Vicks occupied the entire first floor, where he spent most of his freelance time before the FAR-T1 project. In recent years, it was also the favorite space for both of his sons, and slowly, corner by corner, they were claiming the space for themselves. Vicks couldn't be happier about it and even allowed them to spend nights there with him on his busiest days.

The southern terrace, with a tremendous view of the 'Black Peak' mountain, was built with a heavy cargo elevator and, along with a round stairway, exited directly to the drone pad. As soon as Arty heard the activity, he stormed outside and helped with heavy boxes.

"Come on, Arty..." Vicks tried for the third time to interrupt his tales about old cartoon movies and 'living in the present' philosophy.

"Look, I don't want to spoil the excitement for you." He finally got through the gap in his enthusiasm and all the master Oogway stories and quotes, who apparently was one smart tortoise with tremendous kung fu skills. "But you can't mount your entire existence based on the 'turtle wisdom' from the children's movie. Life is too complicated to be generalized like that."

They pushed the final crate inside, and Vicks started unpacking and classifying the content onto shelves and into drawers along the entire western wall of the workshop.

"But I agree with you. Living in the moment is way better than thinking all the time about all potential outcomes." He turned toward the large boxes. "Could you please help me with those?"

"Outcomes?" Arty opened the first box and started unpacking nanotubes, especially those designed for specialized 3D nanoprinters; they needed to manufacture replacements for the malfunctioning strings in Arty's left arm.

"Well, I am no master Oogway, but you know... expectations. If you set them too high, potential disappointments are also high. If you set them too low, the danger comes in the form of small satisfactions."

"So you are saying that along with living in the moment, life is also about balancing things out?"

"More or less... ok, let's get to work." Vicks turned the main server on and started working the keyboard and two screens. Soon after he initiated 3D nanoprinter calibration, it started humming with familiar buzzing noises. When the gauge started counting percentages, he looked Arty into his curious eyes. "One thing is for sure though: too much philosophy leads directly into laziness. I experienced it myself... It was my worst year at the university... Don't ask."

Three hours later, the printer finished and reshaped nanotubes for Arty's arm design. On the other side, electroactive polymers were too complex to be built in great precision with Vicks' workshop industrial tools, but thanks to Open Horizons shipment, they were in possession of everything they needed to assemble them. By lunch, they had manufactured everything they needed, and the 'surgery' was scheduled for the afternoon.

"How exactly you will replace the muscles?" Arty was curious. "I guess the only way is to remove my whole arm and let that robotic thingy do all the work." He pointed toward the lab's corner, equipped with four artificial arms inside a large vacuumed table, a smaller version of the 'surgeon', how the team nicknamed it back then in the MIT lab, and which was frequently used as the EAP assembling and testing tool.

"Nope. I have a real surgeon in mind. And there will be no need for the arm removal. Don't worry. You'll be fine. He is extremely skilled."

"Who?"

"Philip."

Vicks turned, motioned for him to follow, and left the lab for lunch.

"Okidoki." He stared after him for a couple of seconds. Realisation followed soon after.

"Wait... What?"

Family lunch events with Vicks' family under the heating umbrella in the garden were always special. They were always more than sharing a good meal, and Arty quickly fitted in with his collections of jokes and one-liners. The village provided excellent background silence, the mountain offered great air and view, and the company did the rest. Nobody but Vicks noticed Arty's frequent glimpses toward Philip's hands. He couldn't help himself and gave Arty little enigmatic smiles every now and again.

But there was no reason for any alarm. Arty was loudly relieved later in the lab when Philip's tiny hands reached under his metallic armour with ease. With only a couple of clicks and safe gyration, he removed the old muscles and attached the new ones. Wiring was an even easier job with electrical modules that were supposed to be inserted into the skeleton in their recesses between nanotubes and EAPs. Vicks powered the new muscles up, and most of the red diagnostic icons went to green immediately. Without Philip's small and skilled hands, they would need to disable and dismantle the entire left arm, program the repair robotic tool, and lose the rest of the day in the process.

Arty lifted the small boy again, and this time with his newly healed arm only.

"I owe you one, little chef. Thank you."

"It was nothing, Arty... really." His smile was full of happiness. And not entirely because of what he just did. There was something more with this boy. In Arty's short life up until now, he learned about lots of people who were able to give more than ready to receive. But within the last month, he simply didn't have the time to meet many of them. He kneeled to touch Philip's hair, and at the same time, at exactly 7167 km in the distant cloud server in the MIT datacenter, one counter labeled with iGreatPeopleIMetInPerson incremented by one.

Replacing damaged fuel cells, silent motors, and several parts of Arty's armour, including the entire back shield, were even easier, and a couple of hours later they both exited to the terrace and relaxed for the rest of the evening.

They wanted to discuss more about the minerals and go through the plan for tomorrow, but somehow the conversation never took them there. Arty stood up and leaned to the fence. Just below him, two boys were playing soccer against their grandfather with two ground drones as goalkeepers. The flying drone with large screen was floating above them and acted as the referee. More drones were flying all over, transmitting the match to the social cloud. The score was currently changing to 3:2 when Philip passed the ball through his grandfather's legs and scored the third goal for the boys. The cheering and hugging followed, and Arty and Vicks joined the ovations from the balcony.


***


The rest of the evening, Arty and Vicks loaded the hiking equipment in the cargo drone along with strong flashlights and some more speleology tools needed for unearthing the rocks and minerals and went to rest for tomorrow.

The next day was even more non-wintery, to say the least, just like they anticipated. They took short flight toward the mountain formation to the south, and the sight was amazing. It looked like they took the trip throughout the history of the planet with every kilometer they passed. Still under heavy suffering from last summer's forest fire, the northern plains and massive rock formation that looked like the entrance into the underworld gave the impression that they belonged to some other planet. Burnt forests and black fallen trees didn't survive despite large efforts by local residents and several waves of firefighting choppers and jet planes.

"These formations are hundreds of millions of years old, probably from the Late Jurassic or even older. Back then, most of the continent was covered by Paratethys—the large sea that over eons retreated, living only a couple of smaller seas and numerous lakes all over." Vicks explained the geology of the terrain.

Arty engaged all his visual aids and video recording tools and recorded timelapses from different angles. But the natural disaster, even with its devastated aftermath, didn't give him the eeriest impression of the mountain. This peak wasn't anything like the majority of neighboring mountain tops. When they flew over, the large mountain plane revealed the terrain not usual for ordinary mountains that more or less found the necessary equilibrium with its residents, the plants, and wild animals. Instead, dozens of strange-looking ravines, small and big, spread along the south, accompanied by dozens of miniature gorges with round-shaped coombs and gullies.

"Here!" Vicks pointed toward the second peak and the large gorge between their current position and the next mountain peak that was shaped like a broken pyramid top.

Shortly after, they hovered above the secured pit hole that, almost ten meters below the surface, went into complete darkness. There was no place to land, so Vicks activated the automated pilot to maintain the hovering position. Cargo drones with their quadruple silent motors were extremely stable. Four propellers angled enough to avoid airstreams going directly down the pit.

"So, this is the place?" Arty asked. "Where have you found the mineral?"

"Yep. I was sitting in the same spot like we are now and controlled one of the Philips's social drones."

"Like these?" Arty pointed to the cargo container to the back, where they stockpiled four of them last night.

"Yes, only I added a small robotic arm from the lab and was lucky to chop out that only specimen."

"Okidoki." Arty opened the hatch, hooked himself to the towing cable, mounted the backpack with additional tools, and lifted down a couple of meters below the drone.

"I am ready." He shouted and produced the thumb up.

Vicks powered the monitors, mounted the remote control for the drones, and executed some fast diagnostics of all the systems they were about to use. Arty's view came live on the central monitor. The left one showed four video feeds from the social drones, and the right one was busy with various data coming from sensors in Arty's suit.

The towing cable started rolling out, and soon Arty disappeared into blackness. The drones followed from the safety distance. He turned infrared torches, and visually processed feed converted into visual light appeared onscreen.

The pit was widening with every meter, and the hollowness of the mountain became factious for strange explorers. Hundred meters later, the walls started to glow reflecting the infrared. Arty stopped and, with ease, chopped out a rock. The raw chemical inspection revealed quartz glued all over the igneous grayish rock with black spots here and there.

"It's quartz accumulated over the silicon dioxide-based rock." Arty moved the view toward the large cave wall. "Lots of it." He took the sample into his backpack.

"Looks like andesite." Vicks voice came from the comms. "It's sort of volcanic rock, made by crystallization of the magma, especially in the vicinity of old and extinguished volcanoes."

"What was the depth where you found the mineral?"

"About two hundred meters from your current position. More or less at the end of the cable."

The site of the cave continued to change, and for the experienced geologist, it would be like traveling millions of years in the past. Vicks and Arty, on the other hand, even though they both did extensive research before they took this endeavour, were far from being trained rock scientists. But the beauty of the site was tremendous, and every now and again, Arty stopped the cable and took samples from the walls. The drones Vicks operated spread more from the cable and took amazing photographs within different lightwaves.

Twenty minutes later, the view started to change. There were less and less volcanic rocks and glowing quartz layers, and for a while there was nothing to detect. Just bare rock walls. Ten meters later, first signs of water were evident. Not by much, but small streams of transparent fluids were forming as it seams out from the thin air and flowing foot or two. Then the tiny stream disappeared into the wall again.

"Almost there." Vicks said. "I got the sample not far beneath the wet walls first appeared. I think the pit hole ends soon after."

Arty slowed the descent a little and tried to focus the view from the walls and directly under. He took out the radar tool from the backpack and mounted it on his torso. The moment he turned it on, the detailed image appeared on the sensor screen. Vicks initiated the detailed wireframe image analysis, and the results were beam back to Arty. The pit hole bottom was nearly thirty meters ahead, and in an almost horizontal direction, a small stream appeared from one wall side of the pit and flowed within a shallow hallway further inside the mountain. This was something he completely missed last time with the social drone.

The radar analysis took his focus from the main screen with Arty's infrared feed, and in the meantime, Arty reached the bottom and started to record the surroundings.

"Crap the noodles!"

Art's disembodied and loud voice echoed from the main screen. Vicks turned in the instant, and his jaws dropped wide to the fairytale sight he saw on the monitor.

The entire stream hallway was vividly colored, and the water widely sparkled and reflected the most beautiful greenish color he ever saw in nature.


***


Despite every logic and rationality, Vicks' mind was warning him at this very moment. He hurriedly checked the fuel levels for the cargo drone, inspected all the vitals, and then hooked to the cable and started descending down. The hiking gear was motorized, and the tiny platform he hooked his leg to descended him next to the bottom only ten minutes later. In th meantime, Arty fixed the cable to the ground and, along with three social drones, entered the green hallway. The remaining drone climbed up and then followed Vicks the entire descent.

As soon as he arrived, he joined Arty inside the hallway.

The sight he saw with his own eyes was even more amazing than what he saw on screen. The walls and the roof of the natural hallway were made of the same rock he luckily chopped two weeks ago, just twenty meters above the main pithole floor. The real greenish kryptonite with fluorine was all over the place, along with other minerals with bluish and magenta glow in smaller quantities but just enough to give this place an unearthly scene.

It took Vicks several minutes to restore his talking abilities. In his wildest daydream, he couldn't anticipate that something like this existed at all. He glimpsed Arty, who was equally amazed, although after only a month or so after his birth, his amazement with various things was nothing new. But this was indeed something even he was not seeing or learning about every day.

"Crap the noodles?"

Arty looked at him with somewhat puzzled eyes.

"It was from your old YouTube video. You said it yourself when you first saw huge sea waves... Don't you remember? From your video log and your first travel to Crete. I wasn't sure whether you were more amazed with large waves or the sight from the airplane window you saw for the first time in your life."

"How old was I?"

"Ten."

Vicks remembered. He was right. This was the same feeling. When you see something extraordinary for the very first time, the boy or girl inside you is the first one who reacts.

"You're absolutely right." The boyish expression was still there. "Thanks for the reminder. That trip was one of my favorites for years. But this..."

The scientist inside Vicks slowly took over, and eventually they both resumed scanning the minerals and the water. He sent one small drone along the hallway to follow the stream, and they anxiously monitored the returning feed without knowing what to expect. The hallway was curved, and the drone didn't travel far—only fifty meters ahead, it stopped at the small waterfall. The water was reaching the hallway end and, at the edge, was falling into an abyss.

Arty and Vicks came to the spot by following the shallow water and instructed all four social drones to follow the waterfall, but the abyss was too deep and the water was never reaching the next bottom. After another hundred meters, humidity and temperatures rose, and the water halfway evaporated and dispersed. The water drops that hit the cave wall formed the tiny wall streams like the ones they saw on the pithole walls earlier.

Both being amateur geologists, Vicks and Arty decided that exploring the large abyss was at this point way out of their league and equipment, so they decided to send four drones to record the wide cave for a while before the return. The end of the hallway where they stood was only the small entrance into the enormous cave that was spreading above, toward the mountain surface as well. As it seemed, the large portion of the mountain was hollow, and Vicks expected that the size was enormous.

Two drones that were exploring the upper half of the dome filmed two swarms of flying giant bats. They were big, and their appearance was a little odd, with their bodies shaped not quite like the bats he knew off, and he was sure the locals never reported this kind of animal.

Two remaining drones returned from the lower half of the cave. It seemed that the abyss was expanding down from all directions into sort of a reversed funnel shape, and the bottom was perhaps large enough to host two football fields. The recording showed larger water flows, the scattered bones of large animals here and there, and in one corner even a family of sleeping bears. Strange as Vicks knew for sure that the largest animal around this neighborhood was a red deer and the only predator, beside illegal human hunters were small packs of wolves. He never heard about bears before. In fact, sightings of bears within the entire eastern Serbia were rare, especially in the latest decades.

More waterfalls were filmed, and four drones managed to record exactly twelve dome entrances like the one they were standing on. Not all of them were colored with mineral walls, but several were. When they left the pithole and entered the hallway, they also lost visual of the cable and, with it, the internet access that was relaying to them via cargo drone, and soon after all social drones filled their memory banks. With that fact, Arty suggested taking all the samples they could from the stream and the hallway walls and returning to the cargo drone for cloud memory upload.

"We have enough samples." Vicks said when they climbed up back into the cargo drone. "But I am still curious about the bones. Maybe we could try positioning the small drones on the way, one at the bottom of the pit hole, two inside the mineral hallway, and the last one we could control over the first three. With the drone chain, the feed could be beamed directly to us and then to the cloud. We could explore the abyss floor in much more detail."

He looked toward Arty for approval, but there was no need. Arty already took the remote and started deploying the drones on their way inside the pit. Five minutes later the main screen came to life, and they saw the exploring drone flew over the bears and headed toward the wide stream where large bones were lying. Vicks didn't say anything, but he thought he recognized one skeleton. When the drone slowly approached, he was sure—it was the bones from a creature known as Plesiosaur—a marine dinosaur from the Mesozoic era. It was clear to him when the drone confirmed perfectly preserved all four flippers and the short tail of similar size. Its long neck was almost five meters long. Only two days ago, he saw the model of the skeleton of this creature within the Natural History Center.

He saw that Arty recognized it too, and they followed the drone further toward the next one. More flippering skeletons were lying around. Probably, once in the prehistory of the planet, this cave had an open entrance into the ocean, and this place was either the home of these marine creatures or their graveyard. Or both.


***


"I am speechless..."

Marko, the Natural History Center curator, arrived immediately when they sent him the feeds from the cave. Now, only one day later, he stood with Arty and Vicks in the same spot—at the end of the mineral hallway—and watched the live feed from the laser mapping drones his team of museum scientists deployed in order to create a fully detailed 3D image of the cave interior.

"The brown bears! I thought not a single one exists around here..." They make sure the lowered mapping drone takes position carefully in order not to disturb the animals in the middle of their hibernation. "And these bats... It's almost like they never live this cave." He started to pace nervously. Then stopped in sort of eureka moment. "Is this even possible?"

"What?"

"It's almost like these animals developed an entirely independent underground ecosystem." He pointed into darkness. "It's the wildest thought. But.. it could be that this underworld is their whole habitat. We definitely need to tag these bats and especially the bears."

"Do you think the global warming caused this?" Arty asked the question all of them are thinking about at this moment. "But it became the issue only fifteen years ago. Twenty maybe."

"For humans maybe." Marko looked at Arty with an almost apologizing expression. "We are arrogant and ignorant species. Animals are different. They might be aware of the climate changes for a long time. Most likely for centuries. This cave could be just the tip of the iceberg. If I'm right, we could witness rapid evolution at work."

It was hard for Marko to hide the excitement. It was obvious that for him, this find was a lifetime achievement. He could only imagine the amount of scientific work and all the connected sciences that should start acting upon.

"Thank you very much, guys!" He shook Vicks' and Arty's hands with enhanced boyish enthusiasm. You gave the people not one, but three discoveries today. The marine creature skeletons preserved like these were never found in Europe. Possibly nowhere else, and I can't hide the excitement that our museum will finally display the real skeleton of this size... Hmm... We will probably have to erect another building just for this."

He paced to the very edge, and Arty followed the man, clearly worried about him. The stream and its wide entrance were definitely beautiful, almost like the scene from Alice's adventures in Wonderland, but it was pretty slippery and slightly dangerous. Marko pointed into darkness.

"... and these could be the breakthrough discovery. The one even Darwin would not be ashamed of." He made the full turn and faced them both again. "But this.." He theatrically produced the green mineral from his pocket. "... is something that will finally put our museum on the map."

Arty and Vicks looked at each other, but that didn't puzzle the curator at all.

"Gentlemen, behold the Sodium-Lithium-Boron-Silicate-Hydroxide with Fluorine." He looked closely at the mineral and continued. "... and this time when I say with fluorine, I will mean it."

Only then did Marko see Arty's raised arm and stop talking.

"Ahem.. I brought with me additional geological tools, and last night we analysed the minerals in Vicks' lab in great detail and..." He tried to find proper words. "As it seems, well, yes, there's fluorine inside, but it's not the element that is giving it the green color."

"There's another element in this beauty?"

"Actually three. Iron, copper, and chromium. All these incredible glows in this hallway came from actually almost the same mineral." Arty continued the lecture. "It's more or less the same as the Jadarite from your exhibit; only the additional elements are reflecting the light differently due to the chemical impurities."

"Chemical impurities?"

"Yes, growth imperfections happened during the crystal creation, probably at the time when this mountain was one violent volcano or during the rapid tectonic movement. Or both combined." Arty explained and continued. "But even that was not exactly what was giving the colors all the intensity and super glowness."

"There are more elements in this?"

"Not really. We couldn't verify this, but we are ninety percent sure that there are free electrons in the mineral. Lots of it. They are responsible for the glow and color shades."

"You mean like in gold?"

"Yes."

At this very moment, Marko's eyes received the superglow as well. He tried to say something, but the words didn't come out. He stared for a long time and finally came to his senses.

Well, he almost did.

"Even better... Ahem..." He coughed the excitement out of his chest. "We will definitely need another wing in the museum just for this... And this time we will insist on the name..."

He paused, reached his other pockets, and pulled out all the samples he took earlier.

"Guys, behold the one and only ... "

He then proudly lifted a bouquet of differently colored rocks that happened to basically be only one mineral.

"Serbian Kryptonite!"

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